iov_iter: Add ITER_XARRAY

iov_iter: Add ITER_XARRAY

Add an iterator, ITER_XARRAY, that walks through a set of pages attached to
an xarray, starting at a given page and offset and walking for the
specified amount of bytes.  The iterator supports transparent huge pages.

The iterate_xarray() macro calls the helper function with rcu_access()
helped.  I think that this is only a problem for iov_iter_for_each_range()
- and that returns an error for ITER_XARRAY (also, this function does not
appear to be called).

The caller must guarantee that the pages are all present and they must be
locked using PG_locked, PG_writeback or PG_fscache to prevent them from
going away or being migrated whilst they're being accessed.

This is useful for copying data from socket buffers to inodes in network
filesystems and for transferring data between those inodes and the cache
using direct I/O.

Whilst it is true that ITER_BVEC could be used instead, that would require
a bio_vec array to be allocated to refer to all the pages - which should be
redundant if inode->i_pages also points to all these pages.

Note that older versions of this patch implemented an ITER_MAPPING instead,
which was almost the same.

Changes:
v7:
 - Rename iter_xarray_copy_pages() to iter_xarray_populate_pages()[1].

Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Reviewed-and-tested-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Dave Wysochanski <dwysocha@redhat.com>
Tested-By: Marc Dionne <marc.dionne@auristor.com>
cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
cc: linux-cachefs@redhat.com
cc: linux-afs@lists.infradead.org
cc: linux-nfs@vger.kernel.org
cc: linux-cifs@vger.kernel.org
cc: ceph-devel@vger.kernel.org
cc: v9fs-developer@lists.sourceforge.net
cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/3577430.1579705075@warthog.procyon.org.uk/
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/158861205740.340223.16592990225607814022.stgit@warthog.procyon.org.uk/
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/159465785214.1376674.6062549291411362531.stgit@warthog.procyon.org.uk/
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/160588477334.3465195.3608963255682568730.stgit@warthog.procyon.org.uk/
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/161118129703.1232039.17141248432017826976.stgit@warthog.procyon.org.uk/
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/161161026313.2537118.14676007075365418649.stgit@warthog.procyon.org.uk/
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/161340386671.1303470.10752208972482479840.stgit@warthog.procyon.org.uk/
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/161539527815.286939.14607323792547049341.stgit@warthog.procyon.org.uk/
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/161653786033.2770958.14154191921867463240.stgit@warthog.procyon.org.uk/
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/161789064740.6155.11932541175173658065.stgit@warthog.procyon.org.uk/
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/27c369a8f42bb8a617672b2dc0126a5c6df5a050.camel@kernel.org