1 GNU C Library NEWS -- history of user-visible changes.
2 Copyright (C) 1992-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 See the end for copying conditions.
5 Please send GNU C library bug reports via <http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/>
6 using `glibc' in the "product" field.
10 * The following bugs are resolved with this release:
12 156, 387, 431, 762, 832, 926, 2801, 4772, 6786, 6787, 6807, 6810, 7003,
13 9954, 10253, 10278, 11087, 11157, 11214, 12100, 12486, 12986, 13028,
14 13982, 13985, 14029, 14032, 14120, 14143, 14155, 14286, 14547, 14699,
15 14752, 14876, 14910, 15004, 15048, 15073, 15089, 15128, 15218, 15268,
16 15277, 15308, 15362, 15374, 15400, 15425, 15427, 15483, 15522, 15531,
17 15532, 15593, 15601, 15608, 15609, 15610, 15632, 15640, 15670, 15672,
18 15680, 15681, 15723, 15734, 15735, 15736, 15748, 15749, 15754, 15760,
19 15763, 15764, 15797, 15799, 15825, 15843, 15844, 15846, 15847, 15849,
20 15855, 15856, 15857, 15859, 15867, 15886, 15887, 15890, 15892, 15893,
21 15895, 15897, 15901, 15905, 15909, 15915, 15917, 15919, 15921, 15923,
22 15939, 15941, 15948, 15963, 15966, 15985, 15988, 15997, 16032, 16034,
23 16036, 16037, 16038, 16041, 16055, 16071, 16072, 16074, 16077, 16078,
24 16103, 16112, 16143, 16144, 16146, 16150, 16151, 16153, 16167, 16172,
25 16195, 16214, 16245, 16271, 16274, 16283, 16289, 16293, 16314, 16316,
26 16330, 16337, 16338, 16356, 16365, 16366, 16369, 16372, 16375, 16379,
27 16384, 16385, 16386, 16387, 16390, 16400, 16407.
29 * Slovenian translations for glibc messages have been contributed by the
30 Translation Project's Slovenian team of translators.
32 * The public headers no longer use __unused nor __block. This change is to
33 support compiling programs that are derived from BSD sources and use
34 __unused internally, and to support compiling with Clang's -fblock
35 extension which uses __block.
37 * CVE-2012-4412 The strcoll implementation caches indices and rules for
38 large collation sequences to optimize multiple passes. This cache
39 computation may overflow for large collation sequences and may cause a
40 stack or buffer overflow. This is now fixed to use a slower algorithm
41 which does not use a cache if there is an integer overflow.
43 * CVE-2012-4424 The strcoll implementation uses malloc to cache indices and
44 rules for large collation sequences to optimize multiple passes and falls
45 back to alloca if malloc fails, resulting in a possible stack overflow.
46 The implementation now falls back to an uncached collation sequence lookup
49 * CVE-2013-4788 The pointer guard used for pointer mangling was not
50 initialized for static applications resulting in the security feature
51 being disabled. The pointer guard is now correctly initialized to a
52 random value for static applications. Existing static applications need
53 to be recompiled to take advantage of the fix (bug 15754).
55 * CVE-2013-4237 The readdir_r function could write more than NAME_MAX bytes
56 to the d_name member of struct dirent, or omit the terminating NUL
57 character. (Bugzilla #14699).
59 * CVE-2013-4332 The pvalloc, valloc, memalign, posix_memalign and
60 aligned_alloc functions could allocate too few bytes or corrupt the
61 heap when passed very large allocation size values (Bugzilla #15855,
64 * CVE-2013-4458 Stack overflow in getaddrinfo with large number of results
65 for AF_INET6 has been fixed (Bugzilla #16072).
67 * New locales: ak_GH, anp_IN, ar_SS, cmn_TW, hak_TW, lzh_TW, nan_TW, pap_AW,
68 pap_CW, quz_PE, the_NP.
70 * Substantially revised locales: gd_GB, ht_HT
72 * The LC_ADDRESS field was updated to support country_car for almost all
75 * ISO 1427 definitions were updated.
77 * ISO 3166 definitions were updated.
79 * The localedef utility now supports --big-endian and --little-endian
80 command-line options to generate locales for a different system from that
81 for which the C library was built.
83 * Binary locale files now only depend on the endianness of the system for
84 which they are generated and not on other properties of that system. As a
85 consequence, binary files generated with new localedef may be incompatible
86 with old versions of the GNU C Library, and binary files generated with
87 old localedef may be incompatible with this version of the GNU C Library,
88 in the following circumstances:
90 + Locale files may be incompatible on m68k systems.
92 + Locale archive files (but not separate files for individual locales) may
93 be incompatible on systems where plain "char" is signed.
95 * The configure option --disable-versioning has been removed. Builds with
96 --disable-versioning had not worked for several years.
98 * ISO 639 definitions were updated for Chiga (cgg) and Chinese (gan, hak, czh,
99 cjy, lzh, cmn, mnp, cdo, czo, cpx, wuu, hsn, yue).
101 * SystemTap probes for malloc have been introduced.
103 * Support for powerpc64le has been added.
105 * The soft-float powerpc port now supports e500 processors.
107 * Support for STT_GNU_IFUNC symbols added for ppc32/power4+ and ppc64.
109 * A new feature test macro _DEFAULT_SOURCE is available to enable the same
110 set of header declarations that are enabled by default, even when other
111 feature test macros or compiler options such as -std=c99 would otherwise
112 disable some of those declarations.
114 * The _BSD_SOURCE feature test macro no longer enables BSD interfaces that
115 conflict with POSIX. The libbsd-compat library (which was a dummy library
116 that did nothing) has also been removed.
120 * The following bugs are resolved with this release:
122 2546, 2560, 5159, 6809, 7006, 10060, 10062, 10283, 10357, 10686, 11120,
123 11561, 12310, 12387, 12492, 12515, 12723, 13550, 13889, 13951, 13988,
124 14142, 14176, 14200, 14256, 14280, 14293, 14317, 14327, 14478, 14496,
125 14582, 14686, 14812, 14888, 14894, 14907, 14908, 14909, 14920, 14952,
126 14964, 14981, 14982, 14985, 14991, 14994, 14996, 15000, 15003, 15006,
127 15007, 15014, 15020, 15022, 15023, 15036, 15054, 15055, 15062, 15078,
128 15084, 15085, 15086, 15100, 15160, 15214, 15221, 15232, 15234, 15283,
129 15285, 15287, 15304, 15305, 15307, 15309, 15327, 15330, 15335, 15336,
130 15337, 15339, 15342, 15346, 15359, 15361, 15366, 15380, 15381, 15394,
131 15395, 15405, 15406, 15409, 15416, 15418, 15419, 15423, 15424, 15426,
132 15429, 15431, 15432, 15441, 15442, 15448, 15465, 15480, 15485, 15488,
133 15490, 15492, 15493, 15497, 15506, 15529, 15536, 15553, 15577, 15583,
134 15618, 15627, 15631, 15654, 15655, 15666, 15667, 15674, 15711, 15755,
137 * CVE-2013-2207 Incorrectly granting access to another user's pseudo-terminal
138 has been fixed by disabling the use of pt_chown (Bugzilla #15755).
139 Distributions can re-enable building and using pt_chown via the new configure
140 option `--enable-pt_chown'. Enabling the use of pt_chown carries with it
141 considerable security risks and should only be used if the distribution
142 understands and accepts the risks.
144 * CVE-2013-0242 Buffer overrun in regexp matcher has been fixed (Bugzilla
147 * CVE-2013-1914 Stack overflow in getaddrinfo with many results has been
148 fixed (Bugzilla #15330).
150 * Add support for calling C++11 thread_local object destructors on thread
151 and program exit. This needs compiler support for offloading C++11
152 destructor calls to glibc.
154 * Improved worst case performance of libm functions with double inputs and
157 * Support for priority inherited mutexes in pthread condition variables on
158 non-x86 architectures.
160 * Port to Xilinx MicroBlaze contributed by David Holsgrove.
162 * Optimized string functions for AArch64. Implemented by Marcus Shawcroft.
164 * Optimized string functions for ARM. Implemented by Will Newton and
167 * Optimized libm functions for SPARC. Implemented by David S. Miller.
169 * Support for building more of ARM glibc as Thumb-2 code. Implemented by
172 * Support for building most of MIPS glibc as MIPS16 code. Implemented by
173 Chung-Lin Tang, Maciej W. Rozycki and Maxim Kuvyrkov.
175 * Added a benchmark framework to track performance of functions in glibc.
177 * New <math.h> macro named issignaling to check for a signaling NaN (sNaN).
178 It is based on draft TS 18661 and currently enabled as a GNU extension.
180 * On Linux, the clock function now uses the clock_gettime system call
181 for improved precision, rather than old times system call.
183 * Added support for version-3 tz format files. This is needed when using
184 the tz database release 2013e or later, and affects a few unusual cases --
185 currently only TZ='America/Godthab' for time stamps after 2037.
187 * Added new API functions pthread_getattr_default_np and
188 pthread_setattr_default_np to get and set the default pthread
189 attributes of a process.
191 * Added support for TSX lock elision for pthread mutexes on i386 and x86-64.
192 This may improve lock scaling of existing programs on TSX capable systems.
193 When the --enable-lock-elision=yes parameter is specified at configure
194 time lock elision will be enabled by default for all PTHREAD_MUTEX_DEFAULT
197 * Support added for AT_HWCAP2 (to coincide with Linux kernel 3.10
198 availability). Implemented by Ryan S. Arnold.
200 * Support added for POWER8 platform. Implemented by Ryan S. Arnold.
204 * The following bugs are resolved with this release:
206 1349, 3439, 3479, 3665, 5044, 5246, 5298, 5400, 6530, 6677, 6778, 6808,
207 9685, 9914, 10014, 10038, 10114, 10191, 10631, 10873, 11438, 11607, 11638,
208 11741, 12140, 13013, 13412, 13542, 13601, 13603, 13604, 13629, 13679,
209 13696, 13698, 13717, 13741, 13759, 13761, 13763, 13881, 13939, 13950,
210 13952, 13966, 14042, 14047, 14090, 14150, 14151, 14152, 14154, 14157,
211 14166, 14173, 14195, 14197, 14237, 14246, 14251, 14252, 14283, 14298,
212 14303, 14307, 14328, 14331, 14336, 14337, 14347, 14349, 14368, 14376,
213 14417, 14447, 14459, 14476, 14477, 14501, 14505, 14510, 14516, 14518,
214 14519, 14530, 14532, 14538, 14543, 14544, 14545, 14557, 14562, 14568,
215 14576, 14579, 14583, 14587, 14595, 14602, 14610, 14621, 14638, 14645,
216 14648, 14652, 14660, 14661, 14669, 14672, 14683, 14694, 14716, 14719,
217 14743, 14767, 14783, 14784, 14785, 14793, 14796, 14797, 14801, 14803,
218 14805, 14807, 14811, 14815, 14821, 14822, 14824, 14828, 14831, 14833,
219 14835, 14838, 14856, 14863, 14865, 14866, 14868, 14869, 14871, 14872,
220 14879, 14889, 14893, 14898, 14914.
222 * Optimization of memcpy for MIPS.
224 * CVE-2011-4609 svc_run() produces high cpu usage when accept fails with
225 EMFILE has been fixed (Bugzilla #14889).
227 * The add-on ports collection is now distributed in the "ports" subdirectory
228 of the main GNU C Library distribution, rather than separately.
230 * Port to ARM AArch64 contributed by Linaro.
232 * Support for STT_GNU_IFUNC symbols added for s390 and s390x.
233 Optimized versions of memcpy, memset, and memcmp added for System z10 and
235 Implemented by Andreas Krebbel.
237 * The new function secure_getenv allows secure access to the environment,
238 returning NULL if running in a SUID/SGID process. This function replaces
239 the internal function __secure_getenv.
241 * SystemTap static probes have been added into the dynamic linker.
242 Implemented by Gary Benson.
244 * Optimizations of string functions strstr, strcasestr and memmem.
245 Implemented by Maxim Kuvyrkov.
247 * The minimum Linux kernel version that this version of the GNU C Library
248 can be used with is 2.6.16.
250 * Optimizations of string functions memchr, wcschr, wcscpy, and wcsrchr for
251 powerpc POWER7. Implemented by Will Schmidt.
253 * New configure option --disable-nscd builds the C library such that it
254 never attempts to contact the Name Service Caching Daemon (nscd).
255 New configure option --disable-build-nscd avoids building nscd itself;
256 this is the default if --disable-nscd is used.
258 * Improved support for cross-compilation, including cross-testing and
259 bootstrap builds without a previously built glibc.
261 * Several testsuite tests are now able to test multiple IFUNC variants of an
262 interface, rather than just testing the one that would be chooen by
265 * New configure options --with-bugurl and --with-pkgversion, for
266 distributors to use to embed their bug-reporting and package version
267 information in --help and --version output.
269 * The ttyname and ttyname_r functions on Linux now fall back to searching for
270 the tty file descriptor in /dev/pts or /dev if /proc is not available. This
271 allows creation of chroots without the procfs mounted on /proc.
273 * The `crypt' function now fails if passed salt bytes that violate the
274 specification for those values. On Linux, the `crypt' function will
275 consult /proc/sys/crypto/fips_enabled to determine if "FIPS mode" is
276 enabled, and fail on encrypted strings using the MD5 or DES algorithm
277 when the mode is enabled.
279 * The `clock_*' suite of functions (declared in <time.h>) is now available
280 directly in the main C library. Previously it was necessary to link with
281 -lrt to use these functions. This change has the effect that a
282 single-threaded program that uses a function such as `clock_gettime' (and
283 is not linked with -lrt) will no longer implicitly load the pthreads
284 library at runtime and so will not suffer the overheads associated with
285 multi-thread support in other code such as the C++ runtime library.
287 * New locales: ayc_PE, doi_IN, ia_FR, mni_IN, nhn_MX, niu_NU, niu_NZ,
292 * The following bugs are resolved with this release:
294 174, 208, 350, 369, 411, 706, 766, 887, 2074, 2541, 2547, 2548, 2550,
295 2551, 2552, 2553, 2554, 2562, 2563, 2565, 2566, 2570, 2576, 2636, 2678,
296 3335, 3440, 3748, 3768, 3866, 3868, 3906, 3976, 3992, 4026, 4108, 4596,
297 4822, 5077, 5461, 5805, 5993, 6471, 6486, 6578, 6649, 6730, 6770, 6794,
298 6884, 6890, 6894, 6895, 6907, 6911, 6959, 7064, 9739, 9902, 10110, 10135,
299 10140, 10153, 10210, 10254, 10346, 10375, 10545, 10716, 10846, 11174,
300 11261, 11322, 11365, 11451, 11494, 11521, 11677, 11837, 11959, 12047,
301 12097, 12193, 12194, 12297, 12298, 12301, 12340, 12354, 12416, 12495,
302 13058, 13223, 13361, 13525, 13526, 13527, 13528, 13529, 13530, 13531,
303 13532, 13533, 13547, 13551, 13552, 13553, 13555, 13556, 13559, 13563,
304 13566, 13576, 13579, 13583, 13592, 13594, 13613, 13618, 13637, 13656,
305 13658, 13673, 13691, 13695, 13704, 13705, 13706, 13718, 13726, 13738,
306 13739, 13743, 13750, 13758, 13760, 13761, 13775, 13786, 13787, 13792,
307 13806, 13824, 13840, 13841, 13844, 13846, 13848, 13851, 13852, 13854,
308 13871, 13872, 13873, 13879, 13882, 13883, 13884, 13885, 13886, 13892,
309 13895, 13908, 13910, 13911, 13912, 13913, 13914, 13915, 13916, 13917,
310 13918, 13919, 13920, 13921, 13922, 13923, 13924, 13926, 13927, 13928,
311 13938, 13941, 13942, 13954, 13955, 13956, 13963, 13967, 13968, 13970,
312 13973, 13979, 13983, 13986, 13996, 14012, 14027, 14033, 14034, 14036,
313 14040, 14043, 14044, 14048, 14049, 14050, 14053, 14055, 14059, 14064,
314 14075, 14080, 14083, 14103, 14104, 14109, 14112, 14117, 14122, 14123,
315 14134, 14153, 14183, 14188, 14199, 14210, 14218, 14229, 14241, 14273,
318 * Support for the x32 ABI on x86-64 added. The x32 target is selected by
319 configuring glibc with:
320 BUILD_CC='gcc' CC='gcc -mx32' CXX='g++ -mx32'
321 Visit <http://sites.google.com/site/x32abi/> for more x32 ABI info.
322 Implemented by H.J. Lu.
326 + define static_assert
328 + do not declare gets
330 + declare at_quick_exit and quick_exit also for ISO C11
332 + aligned_alloc. NB: The code is deliberately allows the size parameter
333 to not be a multiple of the alignment. This is a moronic requirement
334 in the standard but it is only a requirement on the caller, not the
339 + uchar.h support added
341 + CMPLX, CMPLXF, CMPLXL added
343 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
345 * Support for the IA-64 has been moved to ports.
347 * Remove support for anything but ELF binary format
349 * Checking versions of poll, ppoll added.
350 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
352 * More generic and 64-bit performance optimizations to math functions.
353 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
355 * New configure option --enable-obsolete-rpc makes the deprecated RPC
356 headers and functions available at compile time as they were before
357 version 2.14. This option will be removed at some time in the future
358 after the TI-RPC library becomes fully sufficient for the needs of
359 existing applications.
361 * Compatibility code for Linux kernel versions before 2.4 has been removed.
362 Note that glibc is not expected to work with any Linux kernel version
365 * New header <sys/auxv.h> and function getauxval allowing easy access to
366 the AT_* key-value pairs passed from the Linux kernel. The header also
367 defines the HWCAP_* bits associated with the AT_HWCAP key.
369 * New locales: mag_IN
371 * New configure option --enable-systemtap builds SystemTap static probes
372 into libc for setjmp and longjmp and into libpthread for various operations.
373 So far the setjmp/longjmp probes and some of the libpthread probes are
374 provided only for i*86 and x86_64.
375 Implemented by Roland McGrath and Rayson Ho.
377 * Optimized expf for x86-32 and x86-64. Implemented by Liubov Dmitrieva.
379 * More optimized functions for PowerPC. Implemented by Adhemerval Zanella
382 * More optimized functions for SPARC. Implemented by David S. Miller.
384 * Improved support for cross-compilation, especially bootstrap builds
385 without a previously built glibc.
387 * Ports for the TILE-Gx and TILEPro families of processors. Contributed by
388 Chris Metcalf from Tilera.
390 * Support for the old ARM ABI has been removed from ports. Only the EABI is
391 now supported for ARM processors.
393 * The hard-float variant of the ARM EABI now uses /lib/ld-linux-armhf.so.3
394 as the name of the dynamic linker, to distinguish it from the
395 /lib/ld-linux.so.3 dynamic linker used for the base EABI.
397 * Support for CRIS has been removed from ports.
399 * A new class of installed header has been documented for low-level
400 platform-specific functionality. PowerPC added the first instance with a
401 function to provide time base register access. Contributed by Tulio
402 Magno Quites Machado Filho.
404 * ix86 configurations now install header files that are consistent with
405 what x86-64 configurations install. These same header files can be used
406 for -m32, -m64, or -mx32 builds.
407 Contributed by H.J. Lu.
409 * Math library bug fixes. A thorough audit of all open math library bugs was
410 conducted by Joseph Myers. Significant progress was made on many math
411 library bugs resulting in more accurate exceptions and function results.
412 Many thanks to all those that contributed including Andreas Jaeger for his
413 patch review and work on the x87 trigonometric instruction issues.
415 * Timezone data is no longer installed. Timezone-related binaries and scripts
416 will continue to be installed. Users should obtain their timezone data from
417 their distribution provider or from the tzdata package at
418 <ftp://munnari.oz.au/pub/>.
422 * The following bugs are resolved with this release:
424 6779, 6783, 9696, 10103, 10709, 11589, 11929, 12403, 12786, 12840, 12847,
425 12868, 12852, 12874, 12885, 12892, 12906, 12907, 12922, 12935, 12962,
426 13007, 13021, 13061, 13062, 13067, 13068, 13085, 13088, 13090, 13092,
427 13096, 13114, 13118, 13123, 13134, 13138, 13147, 13150, 13166, 13179,
428 13185, 13189, 13192, 13268, 13276, 13282, 13291, 13305, 13328, 13335,
429 13337, 13344, 13358, 13367, 13413, 13416, 13423, 13439, 13446, 13472,
430 13484, 13506, 13515, 13523, 13524, 13538, 13540
432 * New program pldd to list loaded object of a process
433 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
435 * Add nss_db support back to glibc. No more dependency on Berkeley db
436 and support for initgroups lookups.
437 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
439 * Optimized strcpy, strncpy, stpcpy, stpncpy for SSE2 and SSSE3 on x86-32.
440 Contributed by HJ Lu.
442 * Improved strcpy, strncpy, stpcpy, stpncpy for SSE2 and SSSE3 on x86-64.
443 Contributed by HJ Lu.
445 * Optimized strcat, strncat on x86-64 and optimized wcscmp, wcslen, strnlen
446 on x86-32 and x86-64.
447 Contributed by Liubov Dmitrieva.
449 * Optimized strchr and strrchr for SSE on x86-32.
450 Contributed by Liubov Dmitrieva.
452 * Optimized memchr, memrchr, rawmemchr, memcmp, wmemcmp, wcschr, wcscpy
453 for x86-64 and x86-32.
454 Contributed by Liubov Dmitrieva.
456 * New interfaces: scandirat, scandirat64
457 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
459 * Checking versions of FD_SET, FD_CLR, and FD_ISSET added.
460 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
462 * nscd now also caches the netgroup database.
463 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
465 * Integrate libm with gcc's -ffinite-math-only option.
466 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
468 * Lots of generic, 64-bit, and x86-64-specific performance optimizations
469 to math functions. Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
471 * Optimized strcasecmp and strncasecmp for AVX on x86-64.
472 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
474 * New Linux interfaces: process_vm_readv, process_vm_writev
476 * Optimized strcasecmp and strncasecmp for SSSE3 and SSE4.2 on x86-32.
477 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
479 * Optimized nearbyint and strcasecmp for PPC.
480 Implemented by Adhemerval Zanella.
482 * New locales: bho_IN, unm_US, es_CU, ta_LK
486 * The following bugs are resolved with this release:
488 386, 6420, 7101, 9730, 9732, 9809, 10138, 10149, 10157, 11099, 11257,
489 11258, 11487, 11532, 11558, 11578, 11634, 11653, 11668, 11697, 11724,
490 11781, 11799, 11820, 11837, 11857, 11869, 11892, 11895, 11901, 11945,
491 11947, 11952, 11987, 12052, 12083, 12158, 12178, 12200, 12346, 12350,
492 12393, 12420, 12432, 12445, 12449, 12453, 12454, 12460, 12469, 12489,
493 12509, 12510, 12511, 12518, 12527, 12541, 12545, 12551, 12582, 12583,
494 12587, 12597, 12601, 12611, 12625, 12626, 12631, 12650, 12653, 12655,
495 12660, 12671, 12681, 12684, 12685, 12711, 12713, 12714, 12717, 12723,
496 12724, 12734, 12738, 12746, 12766, 12775, 12777, 12782, 12788, 12792,
497 12795, 12811, 12813, 12814, 12841
499 * The RPC implementation in libc is obsoleted. Old programs keep working
500 but new programs cannot be linked with the routines in libc anymore.
501 Programs in need of RPC functionality must be linked against TI-RPC.
502 The TI-RPC implementation is IPv6 enabled and there are other benefits.
504 Visible changes of this change include (obviously) the inability to link
505 programs using RPC functions without referencing the TI-RPC library and the
506 removal of the RPC headers from the glibc headers.
507 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
509 * New Linux interfaces: clock_adjtime, name_to_handle_at, open_by_handle_at,
510 syncfs, setns, sendmmsg
512 * New locales: os_RU, bem_ZA, en_ZA, ff_SN, sw_KE, sw_TZ, lb_LU, wae_CH,
513 yue_HK, lij_IT, mhr_RU
515 * New encodings: CP770, CP771, CP772, CP773, CP774
517 * New program sotruss to trace calls through PLTs
518 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
520 * The malloc hook implementation is marked deprecated and will be removed
521 from the default implementation in the next version. The design never
522 worked ever since the introduction of threads. Even programs which do
523 not create threads themselves can use multiple threads created internally.
527 * The following bugs are resolved with this release:
529 3268, 6812, 7066, 10085, 10484, 10563, 10851, 11149, 11155, 11577, 11611,
530 11640, 11655, 11701, 11840, 11856, 11883, 11903, 11904, 11968, 11979,
531 12005, 12037, 12067, 12077, 12078, 12092, 12093, 12107, 12108, 12113,
532 12140, 12159, 12167, 12191, 12194, 12201, 12204, 12205, 12207, 12348,
535 * New Linux interfaces: prlimit, prlimit64, fanotify_init, fanotify_mark
537 * POWER7 optimizations: memset, memcmp, strncmp
539 * New optimized string functions for x86-64: strnlen (SSE2),
540 strcasecmp (SSE2, SSSE3, SSE4.2), strncasecmp (SSE2, SSSE3, SSE4.2)
541 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
545 * The following bugs are resolved with this release:
547 3662, 4457, 5553, 10162, 10401, 10414, 10554, 10824, 10864, 10915,
548 10918, 10936, 10939, 10958, 10968, 10969, 10972, 10992, 11000, 11001,
549 11007, 11010, 11027, 11039, 11040, 11041, 11043, 11046, 11056, 11070,
550 11093, 11115, 11125, 11126, 11127, 11134, 11141, 11149, 11183, 11184,
551 11185, 11186, 11187, 11188, 11189, 11190, 11191, 11192, 11193, 11194,
552 11200, 11230, 11235, 11242, 11254, 11258, 11271, 11272, 11276, 11279,
553 11287, 11292, 11319, 11332, 11333, 11387, 11389, 11390, 11394, 11397,
554 11410, 11438, 11449, 11470, 11471, 11520, 11537, 11538, 11571
556 * New interfaces: pthread_getname_np, pthread_setname_np
558 * New Linux interface: recvmmsg
560 * STT_GNU_IFUNC implemented for Sparc by David Miller.
562 * The dynamic linker now recognizes supported ABI versions from the
563 EI_ABIVERSION field in the ELF header.
564 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
566 * New NIS mode selector ADJUNCT_AS_SHADOW. The passwd.adjunct.byname table
567 will not be used to fill in password fields in the passwd.byname replies.
568 Instead it is used to synthesize the shadow.byname table, should it be
569 missing. This is a useful mode in some installations involving Solaris.
570 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
572 * New locales: kok_IN, sq_MK, cv_RU
576 * The following bugs are resolved with this release:
578 3270, 7094, 9924, 9986, 10011, 10085, 10107, 10159, 10162, 10166, 10183,
579 10195, 10196, 10200, 10203, 10207, 10211, 10213, 10217, 10221, 10229,
580 10262, 10286, 10312, 10315, 10319, 10349, 10360, 10391, 10402, 10416,
581 10418, 10422, 10425, 10446, 10448, 10452, 10540, 10553, 10560, 10564,
582 10609, 10643, 10692, 10713, 10717, 10730, 10731, 10742, 10780, 10784,
583 10789, 10817, 10823, 10840, 10847
585 * New interfaces: execvpe, pthread_sigqueue, mkstemps, mkstemps64, mkostemps,
587 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
589 * Checking version of longjmp added that fails if an uninitialized stack
590 frame would be created. Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
592 * STT_GNU_IFUNC is now supported in static executables.
593 Implemented by H.J. Lu.
595 * STT_GNU_IFUNC implemented for PPC by Alan Modra.
597 * New optimized string functions for x86-64: strstr, strcasestr, memcmp,
598 strcspn, strpbrk, strspn, strcpy, stpcpy, strncpy, strcmp (SSE2, SSE4.2),
599 strncmp (SSE2, SSE4.2), strchr (SSE4.2), strrchr (SSE4.2).
600 Contributed by H.J. Lu.
602 strlen, rawmemchr, strcmp (SSSE3), strncmp (SSSE3).
603 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
605 * New optimized string functions for x86: strlen, strcspn, strspn, strpbrk,
607 Contributed by H.J. Lu.
609 * Support for fma instruction in AVX on x86-64.
610 Implemented by H.J. Lu and Ulrich Drepper.
612 * AVX support in x86-64 auditing support in ld.so.
613 Implemented by H.J. Lu.
615 * STB_GNU_UNIQUE support added.
616 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
618 * Implement second fallback mode for optimized DNS lookup for even more
619 broken environments. If two requests from the same port are not
620 handled correctly close the socket and open a new one before sending
621 the second request. The 'single-request-reopen' option in /etc/resolv.conf
622 can be used to select this mode right away, instead of rediscovering the
623 necessity is every process again.
624 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
626 * New resolver flag RES_USE_DNSSEC to enable use of verified lookup.
627 Implemented by Adam Tkac.
629 * Optimized iconv conversions for S390x.
630 Implemented by Andreas Krebbel.
632 * Using condvars with PI mutexes is now more efficient due to kernel
633 support for requeueing to PI futexes. NPTL support added for x86-64.
634 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
636 * New locales: ps_AF, my_MM
640 * The following bugs are resolved with this release:
642 697, 5381, 5807, 6411, 6545, 7040, 7058, 7067, 7080, 7083, 7095, 7098,
643 9677, 9694, 9697, 9701, 9704, 9705, 9706, 9720, 9726, 9730, 9733, 9736,
644 9741, 9750, 9753, 9759, 9781, 9791, 9793, 9823, 9833, 9844, 9880, 9881,
645 9891, 9893, 9895, 9913, 9916, 9920, 9948, 9955, 9957, 9963, 9985, 10052,
646 10069, 10086, 10087, 10090, 10092, 10093, 10100, 10118, 10128
648 * New interfaces: preadv, preadv64, pwritev, pwritev64, malloc_info
649 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
651 * New Linux interfaces: accept4, fallocate, fallocate64.
652 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
654 * Correct declarations of string function when used in C++ code. This
655 could lead to compile errors for invalid C++ code.
657 * XPG7/POSIX 2008 compilation environment. Many GNU-specific functions are
660 * New POSIX 2008 interface: psiginfo
661 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
663 * New ISO C++1x interfaces: quick_exit, at_quick_exit
664 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
666 * Support for selecting between multiple function definitions at runtime
667 using STT_GNU_IFUNC symbols. Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
669 * The libcrypt library can now use the hash function implementations in
670 NSS. Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
672 * The malloc implementation can be compiled to be less memory efficient
673 but higher performing in multi-threaded programs.
674 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
676 * New locales: nan_TW@latin, ks_IN
678 * Faster strlen, strchr, strchrnul, strrchr, memchr, and rawmemchr for x86-64.
679 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
681 * Extended printf hook support. It is possible to use user-defined types
682 and extend existing format specifiers.
683 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
685 * Handling for group shadow files has been added.
686 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
688 * DNS IPv4-IPv6 parallel lookup now deals better with broken DNS
689 servers (the case, e.g., for some people using the built-in DNS
690 server in ADSL modems/routers). There is a once-per-process timeout
691 in case of a broken server. To avoid it, users can run nscd or put
692 'options single-request' in /etc/resolv.conf.
693 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
697 * The following bugs are resolved with this release:
699 3406, 5209, 5210, 5381, 5794, 5814, 5911, 6428, 6438, 6442, 6447, 6461,
700 6472, 6505, 6544, 6589, 6612, 6634, 6653, 6654, 6657, 6698, 6712, 6713,
701 6719, 6723, 6724, 6740, 6763, 6771, 6790, 6791, 6817, 6824, 6839, 6843,
702 6845, 6856, 6857, 6860, 6867, 6875, 6919, 6920, 6942, 6947, 6955, 6966,
703 6968, 6974, 6980, 6995, 7008, 7009, 7029
705 * Unified lookup for getaddrinfo: IPv4 and IPv6 addresses are now looked
706 up at the same time. Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
708 * TLS descriptors for LD and GD on x86 and x86-64.
709 Implemented by Alexandre Oliva.
711 * getaddrinfo now handles DCCP and UDPlite.
712 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
714 * New fixed-size conversion macros: htobe16, htole16, be16toh, le16toh,
715 htobe32, htole32, be32toh, le32toh, htobe64, htole64, be64toh, le64toh.
716 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
718 * New implementation of memmem, strstr, and strcasestr which is O(n).
719 Implemented by Eric Blake.
721 * New Linux interfaces: inotify_init1, dup3, epoll_create1, pipe2
723 * Implement "e" option for popen to open file descriptor with the
724 close-on-exec flag set. Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
726 * Implement "b" mode for fmemopen. In this mode writes writes don't
727 implicitly add a NUL byte and seeks from the end of the buffer really
728 use the buffer end, not the string length as the basis.
729 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
731 * Many functions, exported and internal, now atomically set the close-on-exec
732 flag when run on a sufficiently new kernel. Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
734 * Sorting rules for some Indian languages (Kannada, Gurumukhi, Telugu,
736 Implemented by Pravin Satpute.
738 * New locales: sd_IN, sd_IN@devanagari, ks_IN@devanagari, ht_HT, en_AG, nl_AW.
742 * The following bugs are resolved with this release:
744 2549, 3112, 4314, 4407, 4997, 5012, 5040, 5112, 5204, 5208, 5209, 5220,
745 5222, 5224, 5225, 5237, 5238, 5240, 5245, 5277, 5346, 5375, 5378, 5382,
746 5424, 5427, 5428, 5435, 5436, 5439, 5441, 5442, 5443, 5451, 5452, 5454,
747 5455, 5463, 5464, 5465, 5475, 5477, 5478, 5520, 5541, 5545, 5553, 5600,
748 5602, 5607, 5614, 5627, 5628, 5736, 5737, 5741, 5753, 5760, 5762, 5768,
749 5774, 5777, 5778, 5779, 5786, 5790, 5818, 5854, 5857, 5903, 5939, 5979,
750 5983, 5995, 5998, 6004, 6007, 6020, 6021, 6024, 6040, 6042
752 * New locales: bo_CN, bo_IN, shs_CA.
754 * New encoding: HP-ROMAN9, HP-GREEK8, HP-THAI8, HP-TURKISH8.
756 * Sorting rules for some Indian languages (Devanagari and Gujarati).
757 Implemented by Pravin Satpute.
759 * IPV6 addresses in /etc/resolv.conf can now have a scope ID
761 * nscd caches now all timeouts for DNS entries
762 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
764 * nscd is more efficient and wakes up less often.
765 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
767 * More checking functions: asprintf, dprintf, obstack_printf, vasprintf,
768 vdprintf, and obstack_vprintf.
769 Implemented by Jakub Jelinek.
771 * Faster memset for x86-64.
772 Implemented by Harsha Jagasia and H.J. Lu.
774 * Faster memcpy on x86.
775 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
777 * ARG_MAX is not anymore constant on Linux. Use sysconf(_SC_ARG_MAX).
778 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
780 * Faster sqrt and sqrtf implemention for some PPC variants.
781 Implemented by Steven Munroe.
785 * The following bugs are resolved with this release:
787 4125, 4126, 4178, 4359, 4407, 4512, 4514, 4525, 4554, 4556, 4557, 4566,
788 4582, 4586, 4588, 4599, 4610, 4647, 4702, 4705, 4726, 4745, 4772, 4773,
789 4775, 4776, 4792, 4813, 4814, 4816, 4833, 4858, 4860, 4896, 4905, 4925,
790 4936, 4937, 4938, 4941, 4946, 4963, 4972, 5010, 5028, 5043, 5058, 5063,
791 5071, 5103, 5104, 5112, 5113, 5184, 5186
793 * More checking functions: fread, fread_unlocked, open*, mq_open.
794 Implemented by Jakub Jelinek and Ulrich Drepper.
796 * Extend fortification to C++. Implemented by Jakub Jelinek.
798 * Implement 'm' modifier for scanf. Add stricter C99/SUS compliance
799 by not recognizing 'a' as a modifier when those specs are requested.
800 Implemented by Jakub Jelinek.
802 * PPC optimizations to math and string functions.
803 Implemented by Steven Munroe.
805 * New interfaces: mkostemp, mkostemp64. Like mkstemp* but allow additional
806 options to be passed. Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
808 * More CPU set manipulation functions. Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
810 * New Linux interfaces: signalfd, eventfd, eventfd_read, and eventfd_write.
811 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
813 * Handle private futexes in the NPTL implementation.
814 Implemented by Jakub Jelinek and Ulrich Drepper.
816 * Add support for O_CLOEXEC. Implement in Hurd. Use throughout libc.
817 Implemented by Roland McGrath and Ulrich Drepper.
819 * Linux/x86-64 vDSO support. Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
821 * SHA-256 and SHA-512 based password encryption.
822 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
824 * New locales: ber_DZ, ber_MA, en_NG, fil_PH, fur_IT, fy_DE, ha_NG, ig_NG,
825 ik_CA, iu_CA, li_BE, li_NL, nds_DE, nds_NL, pap_AN, sc_IT, tk_TM, ug_CN,
828 + New iconv modules: MAC-CENTRALEUROPE, ISO-8859-9E, KOI8-RU.
829 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
833 * The following bugs are resolved with this release:
835 3156, 3213, 3285, 3291, 3306, 3313, 3320, 3322, 3325, 3326, 3334, 3348,
836 3352, 3363, 3369, 3426, 3427, 3429, 3451, 3458, 3465, 3480, 3483, 3493,
837 3514, 3515, 3559, 3632, 3664, 3673, 3674, 3745, 3747, 3818, 3840, 3842,
838 3851, 3855, 3884, 3885, 3902, 3905, 3919, 3944, 3954, 3955, 3957, 3991,
839 3995, 3996, 4024, 4040, 4069, 4070, 4074, 4076, 4096, 4101, 4102, 4114,
840 4130, 4131, 4181, 4276, 4306, 4342, 4344, 4349, 4364, 4368, 4381, 4392,
841 4403, 4405, 4406, 4411, 4438, 4439, 4455, 4456, 4465, 4512, 4514, 4586,
844 * New Linux interfaces: epoll_pwait, sched_getcpu.
846 * New generic interfaces: strerror_l.
848 * nscd can now cache the services database. Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
852 * The following bugs are resolved with this release:
854 39, 68, 192, 352, 388, 531, 935, 1006, 1201, 1203, 1386, 1782, 1783, 1784,
855 1785, 1786, 1787, 1951, 1974, 1996, 2072, 2098, 2125, 2134, 2158, 2182,
856 2349, 2376, 2386, 2389, 2415, 2418, 2420, 2423, 2450, 2451, 2466, 2472,
857 2473, 2477, 2498, 2499, 2501, 2502, 2505, 2507, 2508, 2509, 2517, 2526,
858 2569, 2571, 2592, 2611, 2625, 2632, 2644, 2662, 2680, 2683, 2684, 2693,
859 2695, 2703, 2734, 2751, 2764, 2766, 2775, 2792, 2821, 2823, 2832, 2841,
860 2843, 2883, 2892, 2908, 2914, 2926, 2961, 2978, 2980, 2987, 2997, 2998,
861 3013, 3018, 3034, 3040, 3044, 3123, 3124, 3137, 3138, 3143, 3155, 3189,
862 3225, 3251, 3252, 3253, 3273
864 * For Linux, the sorting of addresses returned by getaddrinfo now also
865 handles rules 3, 4, and 7 from RFC 3484. I.e., all rules are handled.
866 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
868 * Allow system admin to configure getaddrinfo with the /etc/gai.conf file.
869 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
871 * New Linux interfaces: splice, tee, sync_file_range, vmsplice.
873 * New iconv module for MIK. Contributed by Alexander Shopov.
875 * For sites with broken group and/or passwd database, the auto-propagate
876 option of nscd can prevent creating ID lookup entries from the results
877 of a name lookup and vice versa. This usually is no problem but some
878 site might have problems with the default behavior.
879 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
881 * Iterating over entire database in NIS can be slow. With the
882 SETENT_BATCH_READ option in /etc/default/nss a system admin can decide
883 to trade time for memory. The entire database will be read at once.
884 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
886 * The interfaces introduced in RFC 3542 have been implemented by
889 * Support for the new ELF hash table format was added by Ulrich Drepper.
891 * Support for priority inheritance mutexes added by Jakub Jelinek and
894 * Support for priority protected mutexes added by Jakub Jelinek.
896 * New locales: nr_ZA, pa_PK, ca_AD, ca_FR, ca_IT, el_CY, tr_CY, as_IN,
897 or_IN, csb_PL, fy_NL, sr_ME.
901 * More overflow detection functions.
903 * New iconv converters for IBM1025, IBM1122, IBM1137, IBM1153,
904 IBM1154, IBM1155, IBM1156, IBM1157, and IBM1158 contributed by Jiro Sekiba.
906 More converters for IBM803, IBM901, IBM902, IBM921, IBM1008, IBM1097,
907 IBM1112, IBM1123, IBM1130, IBM1140, IBM1141, IBM1142, IBM1143, IBM1144,
908 IBM1145, IBM1146, IBM1147, IBM1148, IBM1149, IBM1166, IBM1167, IBM4517,
909 IBM4899, IBM4909, IBM4971, IBM5347, IBM9030, IBM9066, IBM9448, IBM12712,
910 IBM16804, IBM1364, IBM1371, IBM1388, IBM1390, and IBM1399 contributed
911 by Masahide Washizawa.
913 * It is now possible to install audit libraries for the dynamic linker using
914 LD_AUDIT. Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
916 * The LinuxThreads add-on, providing pthreads on Linux 2.4 kernels, is no
917 longer supported. The new NPTL implementation requires Linux 2.6 kernels.
918 For a libc and libpthread that works well on Linux 2.4 kernels, we
919 recommend using the stable 2.3 branch.
921 * The new function open_wmemstream acts like open_memstream,
922 but uses a wchar_t wide character buffer.
924 * The new function ppoll is an improved version of poll, similar to pselect.
926 * New interfaces: fdopendir, openat, fstatat, fchmodat, fchownat,
927 futimesat, faccessat, mkdirat, mkfifoat, mknodat,
928 renameat, unlinkat, linkat, symlinkat, readlinkat.
930 * New Linux kernel system calls: unshare,
931 inotify_init, inotify_add_watch, inotify_rm_watch.
933 * The euidaccess function is now also known by the alias eaccess,
934 for compatibility with some other systems.
936 * Timezone data updated to 2006b version.
940 * The following bugs are resolved with this release:
942 38, 253, 549, 622, 653, 721, 758, 851, 877, 915, 934, 955, 961,
943 1016, 1037, 1076, 1079, 1080, 1081, 1082, 1083, 1084, 1085, 1086,
944 1087, 1088, 1090, 1091, 1092, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1098,
945 1099, 1100, 1101, 1102, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1109,
946 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1125, 1137, 1138, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252,
947 1253, 1254, 1350, 1358, 1394, 1438, 1498, 1534
949 Visit <http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/> for the details of each bug.
951 * As of this release, GCC 4 can be used to compile the C Library.
953 * Timezone data updated to 2005m version.
957 * The following bugs are resolved with this release:
959 284, 592, 602, 626, 633, 640, 650, 661, 671, 681, 693, 700, 710, 719,
960 722, 723, 725, 726, 727, 728, 729, 730, 731, 732, 733, 734, 735, 736,
961 737, 738, 739, 740, 741, 742, 743, 744, 745, 765, 767, 768, 769, 776,
962 777, 787, 821, 822, 823, 825
964 Visit <http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/> for the details of each bug.
968 * Support for RFC 3678. Real implementations exist only for Linux so far.
969 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
971 * nscd can now cache entries persistently. Expiring entries are reloaded.
972 For speedups the cache can be shared in memory with client processes.
973 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
975 * nscd can now perform SELinux checks.
976 Implemented by Matthew Rickard <mjricka@epoch.ncsc.mil>.
978 * getaddrinfo queries are now cached. Canonical name lookup is performed
980 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
982 * The nothrow function attribute is used when headers are used by gcc when
983 compiling C code. This can avoid significant amounts of exception
986 * The malloc functions perform more error checking and are stricter when
987 it comes to reacting on errors. The default action is to terminate
988 the process after showing an error message. Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
990 * Reverse lookups of IPv6 addresses does not use bit string or .ip6.int
991 lookups anymore unless explicitly requested. Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
993 * Namespaces in ld.so are implemented. DSOs can be loaded in separate
994 namespaces using the new function dlmopen(). This feature is of course,
995 like most other dynamic loading functionality, not available in statically
996 linked applications. Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
998 * Low-overhead boundary checking variants of string and some stdio functions
999 were added. These are to be used in conjunction with a gcc patch by
1000 Jakub Jelinek which adds calls to these functions if possible.
1001 Implemented by Jakub Jelinek and Ulrich Drepper.
1003 * Old code for several operating systems and machine architectures that
1004 have not been in working condition in a long time have been removed from
1005 the main source tree maintained by the GNU C Library's maintainers.
1006 These files are now reside in the separate `ports' source module
1007 that is usable as an add-on when building the library.
1011 * New functions `dladdr1' and `dlinfo' in <dlfcn.h> provide more ways to
1012 interrogate the dynamic linker, compatible with the Solaris interface.
1014 * ELF thread-local storage support (TLS) now works on PowerPC and PowerPC64;
1015 implemented by Paul Mackerras, Steven Munroe, and Roland McGrath.
1017 * getifaddrs now uses the netlink interface on Linux to get its information.
1018 Implemented by Thorsten Kukuk.
1020 * getaddrinfo now implements AI_V4MAPPED, AI_ALL, and AI_ADDRCONF.
1021 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
1023 * support for non-executable stacks on x86 has been added. Changes mostly
1026 * regex is now much faster for multibyte locales. Changes by Jakub Jelinek
1029 * getaddrinfo now performs destination address selection according to
1034 * Thread-safe interfaces for many functions that access locale data
1035 were added in version 2.3, but these features were omitted from NEWS.
1036 Many functions have variants with an `_l' suffix that take a `locale_t'
1037 object as a parameter rather than consulting the current locale.
1038 The new functions `newlocale', `duplocale', and `freelocale' in <locale.h>
1039 create and maintain `locale_t' objects. Additionally, the new function
1040 `uselocale' sets "the current locale" (as used by functions not so
1041 parameterized) set for an individual thread. These features were added
1042 in version 2.3, implemented by Ulrich Drepper and Roland McGrath.
1044 * The functions getresuid, getresgid, setresuid, and setresgid, which
1045 have long been available on Linux, are now declared in <unistd.h>
1046 and are now also available on the Hurd.
1048 * ELF thread-local storage support (TLS) now works on x86-64.
1050 * The new dynamic string token $LIB is expanded in shared library names.
1051 This normally expands to lib, but on some 64-bit platforms to lib64 instead.
1053 * Aldy Hernandez contributed complete software floating point support for
1054 PowerPC machines with no FPU.
1056 * fexecve is implemented on Linux.
1058 * The `btowc' function should work at least twice as fast due to
1059 specialized callbacks in the iconv modules. Implemented by Bruno Haible.
1061 * With approriate thread add-ons cancelable functions are now implemented
1062 in libc.so as well. No need to call the function in libpthread. This
1063 change allowed to finally disable the incorrect and expensive handling
1064 of weak definition in ld.so.
1066 * Yet more PLT entries in libc.so have been removed. We finally arrived
1067 at the bare minimum. Startup times improved appropriately.
1069 * Support for the new Linux/x86 system call interface was added. The
1070 AT_SYSINFO auxiliary vector entry is recognized and handled.
1074 * Masahide Washizawa contributed iconv modules for IBM1163 and IBM1164
1077 * iconv (the program and the interface) now accepts empty names (excluding
1078 options like //TRANSLIT) to mean "use charset of current locale".
1080 * localedef can now transliterate characters in strings which are not in
1081 the provided charmap. The information from the input locale is used.
1083 * Prelinking support was added for ELF targets. This requires additional
1084 tools and recent versions of the GNU binutils. Contributed by Jakub Jelinek.
1086 * Read-only stdio streams now use mmap to speed up operation by eliminating
1087 copying and buffer underflows. To use add 'm' to the mode string of
1088 the fopen/fdopen/freopen call. Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
1090 * The malloc functions were completely rewritten by Wolfram Gloger based
1091 on Doug Lea's malloc-2.7.0.c.
1093 * Isamu Hasegawa contributed a completely new and POSIX-conformant
1094 implementation of regex.
1096 * Bruno Haible upgraded the iconv and locale implementation to support
1099 * Contents of the LC_* and LANG environment variables in the CEN style are
1100 not recognized anymore. It never was used. Change by Ulrich Drepper.
1102 * The runtime (ld.so, libc, libpthread for Linux) now can handle the ELF
1103 thread-local storage (TLS) ABI on some platforms.
1104 Changes by Ulrich Drepper. SH support by Kaz Kojima.
1106 * Bruno Haible contributed iconv converters for ISO-2022-JP-3, SHIFT JIS-X0213,
1107 EUC-JISX0213, and TSCII.
1109 * New header <ifaddrs.h> with functions `getifaddrs' and `freeifaddrs':
1110 BSD-compatible interface for getting all network interface addresses.
1111 Implementation for IPv4 by Roland McGrath.
1113 * Loading of locale data is faster due to the introduction of a locale
1114 archive. Implemented by Roland McGrath and Ulrich Drepper.
1116 * Startup times are significantly reduced by not using exported functions
1117 inside the library itself. Changes by Jakub Jelinek, Roland McGrath,
1120 * Steven Munroe contributed a port to PowerPC64/Linux.
1124 * The Hurd now uses the GNU libio implementation of stdio rather than the
1125 old GNU stdio implementation, and uses a new ABI (libc.so.0.3).
1127 * The Hurd on x86 now has the `ioperm' function and <sys/io.h> header file
1128 with the same behavior as the Linux system call of the same name.
1132 * Stephen Moshier implemented log2, log10, powl and cbrtl for the
1133 128-bit long double format.
1135 * Masahide Washizawa contributed iconv modules for IBM1132, IBM1133, IBM1160,
1136 IBM1161, and IBM1162 charsets.
1138 * Andreas Jaeger contributed a port to x86-64/Linux.
1140 * Peter Bruin contributed a port to PowerPC/Hurd.
1142 * libc functions using I/O streams now can handle wide-oriented streams
1145 * optimizations in the dynamic linker. Binaries created by recent binutils
1146 versions start up quicker due to reduced time spent on relocations.
1148 * Support for use of gcc3 added by Jakub Jelinek and HJ Lu.
1152 * Stephen Moshier implemented cosh, expm1, log1p, acos, sinh, tanh,
1153 asinh, atanh, j0 for the 128-bit long double format.
1155 * Bruno Haible updated all the code handling Unicode in some form to
1156 support Unicode 3.1.
1158 * Speed of regex for single-byte locales is back to previous levels.
1159 Patch by Isamu Hasegawa.
1161 * Alpha, SPARC, and IA-64 now also using floating stacks.
1163 * Startup time of internationalized applications greatly improved through
1164 iconv cache. Use iconvconfig to generate the cache file.
1165 Contributed by Ulrich Drepper.
1167 * The IA-64 specific part of ld.so was rewritten to eliminate some pretty
1168 severe performance problems. Patch by David Mosberger.
1170 * The Hurd port got a lot more functionality like AIO, various stdio
1171 extensions, etc. Mainly done by Roland McGrath.
1173 * mtrace can now lookup symbols in shared libraries.
1177 * Intel's IA-64 math library is largely integrated. It provides fast and
1178 accurate implementatations for most basic and standard math functions
1179 in float, double, and long double format.
1181 * Stephen Moshier implemented j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn, lgamma, erf, erfc,
1182 and asin for the 96-bit long double format and asin, log, tan for the
1183 128-bit long double format.
1185 * The beginning of a last-bit accurate math library by IBM Haifa were added.
1186 The basic double functions exist today. Contributed by Abraham Ziv
1187 <ziv@il.ibm.com>, Moshe Olshansky <olshansk@il.ibm.com>, Ealan Henis
1188 <ealan@il.ibm.com>, and Anna Reitman <reitman@il.ibm.com>.
1190 * An asynchronous name lookup library was added. The interface is designed
1191 after POSIX AIO. The proposal was circulated beforehand to get comments.
1192 No negative ones came in. Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
1194 * Port to S390/64bit contributed by Martin Schwidefsky
1195 <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>.
1197 * David Mosberger <davidm@hpl.hp.com> implemented the setcontext family
1198 of functions for Linux/IA-64.
1200 * The RPC code is now thread safe. Threads can now use the same service
1201 of different services at the same time. Patch by Eric Norum
1202 <eric.norum@usask.ca> with some help by Ulrich Drepper.
1204 * Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> implemented the setcontext
1205 family of functions for Linux/S390.
1207 * Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com> implemented the setcontext family
1208 of functions for Linux/x86.
1210 * Port to Linux/CRIS contributed by Axis Communications.
1214 * Lots of headers were cleaned up. Using the tool in the conform/ subdir
1215 we can now check for namespace violations and missing declarations. The
1216 result is that almost all headers are now Unix-compliant (as defined in
1217 the upcoming XPG6). The negative side is that some programs might need
1218 corrections, too, if they depend on the incorrect form of the headers in
1219 previous versions which defined too many symbols and included too many
1222 * regex now handles multibyte character sets correctly.
1223 Contributed by Isamu Hasegawa <isamu@yamato.ibm.com>.
1225 * iconv (the program) does now conform to the upcoming XPG6 and handles
1226 charmaps. Instead of the charset names the path of charmaps can be
1227 provided and the conversion happens based on this data.
1228 Contributed by Ulrich Drepper.
1230 * The locale program now provides detailed information about the installed
1235 only lists the names of the supported locales
1239 provides details such as country, language, and codeset name.
1240 Contributed by Ulrich Drepper.
1244 * The gencat program now parses the input file according to the charset
1245 selected by the LC_CTYPE category. This is important for stateful
1246 character sets. To make generating catalogs easier there is a way
1247 to overwrite the charset selected by the locale: before the first
1248 message or $ quote line the catalog can contain a line like
1250 $ codeset=ISO-8859-2
1252 to select the charset (ISO-8859-2 in this case).
1254 Implemented by Shinya Hanataka and Ulrich Drepper.
1256 * New codeset conversion modules: IBM-922 (Estonia PC codeset),
1257 IBM-1124 (Ukraine PC codeset), IBM-1129 (Vietnamese PC codeset).
1258 Contributed by Masahide Washizawa <washi@jp.ibm.com>.
1260 * Optimized string functions for Alpha ev6 and ev67 by Richard Henderson
1261 <rth@redhat.com> and Rick Gorton <rick.gorton@alpha-processor.com>.
1263 * The LANGUAGE environment variable is now ignored unless the locale is
1264 changed from the default "C" locale.
1266 * The usual bug fixes.
1270 * Greg McGary added runtime support for bounds checking using gcc's
1271 new -fbounded-pointers option. ix86 target is complete. PowerPC
1274 * Thorsten Kukuk added secure mode support to nscd.
1276 * The Berkeley db libraries have been removed.
1278 Related, the nss_db module is now in a separate package since it
1279 obviously requires a database library being available.
1281 * Wide character I/O streams implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
1283 * Functions from the extended socket API added by Ulrich Drepper.
1285 * Functions feenableexcept and fedisableexcept to control the
1286 behaviour of individual exceptions have been added by Andreas Jaeger.
1288 * ldconfig program added by Andreas Jaeger and Jakub Jelinek.
1290 * The resolver code has been updated from bind 8.2.3-T5B which supports
1291 threads. The integration was done by Andreas Jaeger, Adam D. Bradley,
1294 This change could in some situations effect backward compatibility. Since
1295 now `_res' is a thread-local instead of a global variable, modifying it
1296 in one thread does not have any effect in other threads.
1298 The resolver library was also extended to allow IPv6 as the transport
1299 protocol for the requests. This work was done by Stig Venaas.
1301 * Compatibility code for K&R C compilers has been removed from the
1302 header files. A ISO C compiler is needed to use the library
1303 (conforming to either C89 or C99 standard).
1305 * Complete rewrite of the localedef program to support multibyte character
1306 sets. Implement handling of ISO 14651 and ISO 14652. Rewrite strcoll,
1307 strxfrm, wcscoll, and wcsxfrm functions. Make isw*() functions work.
1308 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
1310 Bruno Haible significantly improved the generation and use of the data
1311 structures for the wide character tables.
1313 * Plural handling in gettext implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
1315 * The utmp daemon has been removed.
1317 * The port to MIPS-Linux has been finished by Andreas Jaeger.
1319 * A port to Hitachi SH3 and SH4 has been contributed by Kazumoto Kojima
1322 * POSIX clocks and timers implemented by Kaz Kylheku and Ulrich Drepper.
1324 * POSIX barriers implemented by Kaz Kylheku.
1326 * POSIX spawn function family implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
1328 * POSIX spinlocks are now available.
1330 * Timed wait functions for mutex, rwlock, and semaphores are implemented.
1332 * the configure option --enable-kernel=X.Y.Z allows to strip out
1333 compatibility for kernel versions before X.Y.Z. This is currently only
1334 implemented for Linux.
1336 * the sockaddr_in6 structure changed. The IPv6 working group added a new
1337 field sin6_scope_id. This means that all programs using IPv6 should be
1338 recompiled. Don't expect binary compatibility with previous glibc
1341 * various conversion modules for IBM character sets contributed by
1344 * IA-64 port by Jes Sorensen and HJ Lu.
1358 * New ISO C 9x function _Exit, imaxabs, and imaxdiv are added.
1360 * New xdr functions are added; some rpc functions are now 64bit clean.
1362 * Fixed a number of bugs and memory leaks (especially in NIS+ code).
1364 * Fixed known incompatibilities with glibc 2.0.
1366 * New functions lock64, strchrnul, rawmemchr, getutmp and getutmpx.
1368 * Optimized a number of functions (especially the ELF dynamic loader).
1370 * Update timezone data files.
1372 * lots of charmaps corrections
1374 * some new locale definitions and charmaps
1379 * Richard Henderson corrected size of struct timeval on Linux/Alpha to
1380 conform to POSIX member type requirements. Symbol versions have been
1381 adjusted as needed within the library, and for direct use by applications,
1382 but there is potential for problems if third-party libraries use
1383 struct timeval as part of their interface. This does not present
1384 a problem for X and other "essential" system libraries.
1386 * An additional locale model to support C++ Standard Library locale
1387 model and probably more was implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
1389 * Eric Youngdale and Ulrich Drepper implemented versioning of objects on
1392 * Miles Bader provided the `argp' function family to support hierachical
1393 command line argument parsing, layered on top of getopt.
1395 * strtod accepts new hexadecimal floating-point format from ISO C 9X.
1397 * printf has two new specifiers %a and %A to print hexadecimal flaoting-point
1400 * scanf recognizes the %a and %A format for scanning floating point numbers.
1402 * the new headers <stdint.h> and <inttypes.h> from ISO C 9X provides
1403 information and interfaces for the available integer types.
1405 * about 130 new math functions were added to implement the ISO C9x math
1408 * the new header <complex.h> contains definitions of the complex math
1409 functions from ISO C 9X.
1411 * the new header <tgmath.h> defines generic macros to use complex or
1412 real valued functions.
1414 * Thorsten Kukuk provided an implementation for NIS+, securelevel 0, 1 and 2.
1416 * Andreas Jaeger provided a test suite for the math library.
1418 * Mark Kettenis implemented the utmpx interface and an utmp daemon.
1420 * Ulrich Drepper added character set conversion functions (iconv).
1422 * Optimized string functions have been added.
1424 * The localedata addon is now part of glibc.
1426 * An implementation of profiling shared libraries was added by Ulrich Drepper.
1428 * Thorsten Kukuk and Ulrich Drepper provided an implementation for a caching
1429 daemon for NSS (nscd).
1431 Missing a better place here are some numbers on improvements. Under
1432 Linux 2.1.125 un-tar-ing the kernel sources takes
1436 using local files 12.19s 6.88s 22.91s
1438 using NIS 13.92s 8.91s 26.34s
1440 using NIS & nscd 10.37s 7.34s 25.30s
1442 using NIS+ 27.57s 30.37s 640.46s
1444 using NIS+ & nscd 10.25s 7.83s 26.51s
1446 using NIS & old nscd [1] 13.83s 8.32s 29.60s
1448 Keep in mind that non-namelookup related operations dominate above times.
1449 It was just a common complain that using NIS+ unpacking the kernel is
1452 [1] The old nscd implementation is not available anymore since it was
1453 distributed with glibc up to version 2.0.98 and thus is now replaced.
1455 * Tim Waugh provided an implementation of the POSIX.2 wordexp function family.
1457 * Mark Kettenis provided a Hesiod NSS module.
1459 * The ELF dynamic loader knows how to process dynamic string tokens ($ORIGIN
1460 and $PLATFORM) in RPATHs and similar strings (Ulrich Drepper).
1462 * rcmd can now handle netgroups (Dick Streefland).
1464 * A port to the ARM was contributed by Phil Blundell, Pat Beirne and Scott
1467 * Support for the IPv6 protocol has been added to the socket API, as per the
1468 latest draft standards.
1470 * Support for Linux 2.2 has been added.
1472 * Interface changes relative to the latest 2.0.x release:
1473 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1474 addseverity NEW: Unix98
1475 alphasort64 NEW: LFS
1476 argp_err_exit_status NEW: argp, GNU ext
1477 argp_error NEW: argp, GNU ext
1478 argp_failure NEW: argp, GNU ext
1479 argp_help NEW: argp, GNU ext
1480 argp_parse NEW: argp, GNU ext
1481 argp_program_bug_address NEW: argp, GNU ext
1482 argp_program_version NEW: argp, GNU ext
1483 argp_program_version_hook NEW: argp, GNU ext
1484 argp_state_help NEW: argp, GNU ext
1485 argp_usage NEW: argp, GNU ext
1486 authdes_create NEW: Secure RPC
1487 authdes_getucred NEW: Secure RPC
1488 authdes_pk_create NEW: Secure RPC
1489 backtrace NEW: GNU ext.
1490 backtrace_symbols NEW: GNU ext.
1491 backtrace_symbols_fd NEW: GNU ext.
1493 cacosf NEW: ISO C 9x
1494 cacosh NEW: ISO C 9x
1495 cacoshf NEW: ISO C 9x
1496 cacoshl NEW: ISO C 9x
1497 cacosl NEW: ISO C 9x
1504 casinf NEW: ISO C 9x
1505 casinh NEW: ISO C 9x
1506 casinhf NEW: ISO C 9x
1507 casinhl NEW: ISO C 9x
1508 casinl NEW: ISO C 9x
1510 catanf NEW: ISO C 9x
1511 catanh NEW: ISO C 9x
1512 catanhf NEW: ISO C 9x
1513 catanhl NEW: ISO C 9x
1514 catanl NEW: ISO C 9x
1515 cbc_crypt NEW: Secure RPC
1519 ccoshf NEW: ISO C 9x
1520 ccoshl NEW: ISO C 9x
1526 cimagf NEW: ISO C 9x
1527 cimagl NEW: ISO C 9x
1528 clearerr_locked REMOVED
1529 clntunix_create NEW: sunrpc ext
1531 clog10 NEW: ISO C 9x
1532 clog10f NEW: ISO C 9x
1533 clog10l NEW: ISO C 9x
1543 cprojf NEW: ISO C 9x
1544 cprojl NEW: ISO C 9x
1546 crealf NEW: ISO C 9x
1547 creall NEW: ISO C 9x
1552 csinhf NEW: ISO C 9x
1553 csinhl NEW: ISO C 9x
1556 csqrtf NEW: ISO C 9x
1557 csqrtl NEW: ISO C 9x
1561 ctanhf NEW: ISO C 9x
1562 ctanhl NEW: ISO C 9x
1564 des_setparity NEW: Secure RPC
1565 ecb_crypt NEW: Secure RPC
1566 endutxent NEW: Unix98
1568 exp10f NEW: ISO C 9x
1569 exp10l NEW: ISO C 9x
1573 fattach NEW: STREAMS
1574 fdetach NEW: STREAMS
1578 feclearexcept NEW: ISO C 9x
1579 fegetenv NEW: ISO C 9x
1580 fegetexceptflag NEW: ISO C 9x
1581 fegetround NEW: ISO C 9x
1582 feholdexcept NEW: ISO C 9x
1584 feraiseexcept NEW: ISO C 9x
1585 ferror_locked REMOVED
1586 fesetenv NEW: ISO C 9x
1587 fesetexceptflag NEW: ISO C 9x
1588 fesetround NEW: ISO C 9x
1589 fetestexcept NEW: ISO C 9x
1590 feupdateenv NEW: ISO C 9x
1591 fflush_locked REMOVED
1595 fgets_unlocked NEW: GNU ext.
1596 fileno_locked REMOVED
1608 fputc_locked REMOVED
1609 fputs_unlocked NEW: GNU ext.
1610 fread_unlocked NEW: GNU ext.
1615 fstatvfs NEW: Unix98
1619 ftruncate64 NEW: LFS
1621 fwrite_unlocked NEW: GNU ext.
1622 gai_strerror NEW: IPv6
1626 getchar_locked REMOVED
1628 getdate_err NEW: Unix98
1629 getdate_r NEW: GNU ext.
1631 getnameinfo NEW: IPv6
1632 getnetname NEW: Secure RPC
1633 getpmsg NEW: STREAMS
1634 getpt NEW: Unix98 PTY
1635 getrlimit64 NEW: LFS
1636 getutxent NEW: Unix98
1637 getutxid NEW: Unix98
1638 getutxline NEW: Unix98
1639 glob64 NEW: GNU ext.
1640 globfree64 NEW: GNU ext.
1641 gnu_get_libc_release NEW: GNU ext.
1642 gnu_get_libc_version NEW: GNU ext.
1643 grantpt NEW: Unix98 PTY
1644 host2netname NEW: Secure RPC
1646 iconv_close NEW: iconv
1647 iconv_open NEW: iconv
1648 if_freenameindex NEW: IPv6
1649 if_indextoname NEW: IPv6
1650 if_nameindex NEW: IPv6
1651 if_nametoindex NEW: IPv6
1652 in6addr_any NEW: IPv6
1653 in6addr_loopback NEW: IPv6
1654 inet6_isipv4mapped NEW: IPv6
1655 isastream NEW: STREAMS
1656 iswblank NEW: GNU ext.
1657 key_decryptsession NEW: Secure RPC
1658 key_decryptsession_pk NEW: Secure RPC
1659 key_encryptsession NEW: Secure RPC
1660 key_encryptsession_pk NEW: Secure RPC
1661 key_gendes NEW: Secure RPC
1662 key_get_conv NEW: Secure RPC
1663 key_secretkey_is_set NEW: Secure RPC
1664 key_setnet NEW: Secure RPC
1665 key_setsecret NEW: Secure RPC
1666 llrint NEW: ISO C 9x
1667 llrintf NEW: ISO C 9x
1668 llrintl NEW: ISO C 9x
1669 llround NEW: ISO C 9x
1670 llroundf NEW: ISO C 9x
1671 llroundl NEW: ISO C 9x
1676 lrintf NEW: ISO C 9x
1677 lrintl NEW: ISO C 9x
1678 lround NEW: ISO C 9x
1679 lroundf NEW: ISO C 9x
1680 lroundl NEW: ISO C 9x
1682 makecontext NEW: Unix98
1683 mempcpy NEW: GNU ext.
1686 modify_ldt NEW: kernel
1690 nearbyint NEW: ISO C 9x
1691 nearbyintf NEW: ISO C 9x
1692 nearbyintl NEW: ISO C 9x
1693 netname2host NEW: Secure RPC
1694 netname2user NEW: Secure RPC
1695 nexttoward NEW: ISO C 9x
1696 nexttowardf NEW: ISO C 9x
1697 nexttowardl NEW: ISO C 9x
1701 passwd2des NEW: Secure RPC
1703 pow10f NEW: GNU ext.
1704 pow10l NEW: GNU ext.
1707 printf_size NEW: GNU ext.
1708 printf_size_info NEW: GNU ext.
1709 profil_counter REMOVED
1710 pthread_mutexattr_getkind_np REPLACED
1711 pthread_mutexattr_setkind_np REPLACED
1712 ptsname NEW: Unix98 PTY
1713 ptsname_r NEW: Unix98 PTY
1715 putchar_locked REMOVED
1716 putgrent NEW: GNU ext.
1718 putpmsg NEW: STREAMS
1719 pututxline NEW: Unix98
1723 readdir64_r NEW: LFS
1724 remquo NEW: ISO C 9x
1725 remquof NEW: ISO C 9x
1726 remquol NEW: ISO C 9x
1728 roundf NEW: ISO C 9x
1729 roundl NEW: ISO C 9x
1731 scalbln NEW: ISO C 9x
1732 scalblnf NEW: ISO C 9x
1733 scalblnl NEW: ISO C 9x
1735 sendfile NEW: kernel
1736 setcontext NEW: Unix98
1737 setrlimit64 NEW: LFS
1738 setutxent NEW: Unix98
1740 sigignore NEW: Unix98
1741 sigqueue NEW: POSIX.1b
1742 sigrelse NEW: Unix98
1743 sigset NEW: POSIX.1b
1744 sigtimedwait NEW: POSIX.1b
1745 sigwaitinfo NEW: POSIX.1b
1746 sincos NEW: GNU ext.
1747 sincosf NEW: GNU ext.
1748 sincosl NEW: GNU ext.
1752 strcasestr NEW: GNU ext.
1753 strtoimax NEW: ISO C 9x
1754 strtoumax NEW: ISO C 9x
1755 strverscmp NEW: GNU ext.
1756 svcauthdes_stats NEW: Secure RPC
1757 svcunix_create NEW: sunrpc etx
1758 svcunixfd_create NEW: sunrpc ext
1759 swapcontext NEW: Unix98
1760 tcgetsid NEW: Unix98 PTY
1761 tdestroy NEW: GNU ext.
1762 tgamma NEW: ISO C 9x
1763 tgammaf NEW: ISO C 9x
1764 tgammal NEW: ISO C 9x
1768 truncf NEW: ISO C 9x
1769 truncl NEW: ISO C 9x
1771 unlockpt NEW: Unix98 PTY
1772 updwtmpx NEW: Unix98
1773 user2netname NEW: Secure RPC
1774 utmpxname NEW: Unix98
1775 versionsort NEW: GNU ext.
1776 versionsort64 NEW: GNU ext.
1778 wcscasecmp NEW: GNU ext.
1779 wcsncasecmp NEW: GNU ext.
1780 wcsnlen NEW: GNU ext.
1781 wcstoimax NEW: ISO C 9x
1782 wcstoll NEW: ISO C 9x
1783 wcstoull NEW: ISO C 9x
1784 wcstoumax NEW: ISO C 9x
1786 wordexp NEW: POSIX.2
1787 wordfree NEW: POSIX.2
1788 write_profiling REMOVED
1789 xdecrypt NEW: Secure RPC
1790 xdr_authdes_cred NEW: Secure RPC
1791 xdr_authdes_verf NEW: Secure RPC
1792 xdr_cryptkeyarg NEW: Secure RPC
1793 xdr_cryptkeyarg2 NEW: Secure RPC
1794 xdr_cryptkeyres NEW: Secure RPC
1795 xdr_getcredres NEW: Secure RPC
1796 xdr_key_netstarg NEW: Secure RPC
1797 xdr_key_netstres NEW: Secure RPC
1798 xdr_keybuf NEW: Secure RPC
1799 xdr_keystatus NEW: Secure RPC
1800 xdr_netnamestr NEW: Secure RPC
1801 xdr_sizeof NEW: Secure RPC
1802 xdr_unixcred NEW: sunrpc ext
1803 xencrypt NEW: Secure RPC
1804 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1815 * inet_ntoa is thread-safe
1817 * updwtmp is moved from libutil to libc
1819 * rewrite of cbrt function
1821 * update of timezone data
1835 * add atoll function
1837 * fix complex problems in Berkeley DB code
1839 * fix math functions
1843 * fixed lots of header problems (especially Linux/GNU specific)
1845 * dynamic loader preserves all registers
1847 * Roland McGrath provided support for handling of auxiliary objects in
1848 the ELF dynamic loader.
1850 * support for parallel builds is improved
1854 * GNU extensions are no longer declared by default. To enable them you
1855 must define the macro `_GNU_SOURCE' in your program or compile with
1858 * The library has changed from using GNU ld symbol aliases to using weak
1859 symbols where available. The ELF object file format supports weak
1860 symbols; GNU ld also supports weak symbols in the a.out format. (There
1861 is also now support for other GNU ld extensions in ELF. Use the
1862 `--with-elf' option to configure to indicate you have ELF, and
1863 `--with-gnu-ld' if using GNU ld.) This change resulted in the deletion
1864 of many files which contained only symbol aliases, reducing the size of
1865 the source and the compiled library; many other files were renamed to
1866 less cryptic names previously occupied by the symbol alias files.
1867 There is a new header file <elf.h> for programs which operate on
1868 files in the ELF format.
1870 * Converted to Autoconf version 2, so `configure' has more options.
1871 Run `configure --help' to see the details.
1873 * The library can now be configured to build profiling, highly-optimized
1874 (but undebuggable), and/or shared libraries (ELF with GNU ld only). The
1875 `--enable-profile', `--enable-omitfp', and `--enable-shared' options to
1876 `configure' enable building these extra libraries. The shared library is
1877 built by default when using both ELF and GNU ld. When shared libraries
1878 are enabled, the new library `-ldl' is available for arbitrary run-time
1879 loading of shared objects; its interface is defined in <dlfcn.h>. The
1880 new header file <link.h> gives access to the internals of the run-time
1881 dynamic linker, `ld.so'. The shell script `ldd' is similar to the
1882 application of same name on other systems and it provides information
1883 about dynamically linked binaries.
1885 * The C library now provides the run-time support code for profiling
1886 executables compiled with `-pg'. Programs can control the profiling code
1887 through the interface in <sys/gmon.h>. The `gmon.out' files written by
1888 the GNU C library can be read only by GNU `gprof' (from GNU binutils);
1889 the support for this file format was contributed by David Mosberger-Tang.
1891 * The math code has been replaced with a math library based on fdlibm from
1892 Sun, and modified by JT Conklin and Ulrich Drepper with i387 support, by
1893 Ian Taylor with `float' functions and by Ulrich Drepper with `long double'
1894 functions. The math functions now reside in a separate library, so
1895 programs using them will need to use `-lm' their linking commands.
1897 * John C. Bowman contributed optimized ix87 assembler inline functions.
1899 * Ulrich Drepper has contributed support for an `/etc/nsswitch.conf'
1900 mechanism similar to that found in Solaris 2. This is now used for the
1901 group, passwd, hosts, networks, services, protocols, rpc, ethers,
1902 shadow, netgroup, publickey, and alias databases. The `nsswitch.conf'
1903 file controls what services are used for each individual database. This
1904 works by loading shared libraries with names specified in `nsswitch.conf',
1905 so service modules can be changed or added at any time without even
1906 relinking any program. Currently there are the file, db, and NIS based
1907 NSS services available.
1909 * The new functions `strtoq' and `strtouq' parse integer values from
1910 strings, like `strtol' and `strtoul', but they return `long long int' and
1911 `unsigned long long int' values, respectively (64-bit quantities).
1913 * The new functions `strtof' and `strtold' parse floating-point values from
1914 strings, like `strtod', but they return `float' and `long double' values,
1915 respectively (on some machines `double' and `long double' are the same).
1917 * Ulrich Drepper has contributed new implementations of the floating-point
1918 printing and reading code used in the `printf' family of functions and
1919 `strtod', `strtof', and `strtold'. These new functions are perfectly
1920 accurate, and much faster than the old ones.
1922 * The implementation of the POSIX locale model was completely rewritten by
1923 Ulrich Drepper. This includes the new programs `localedef' and `locale'
1924 to compile the POSIX locale definition.
1926 * The former dummy implementations of the strcoll and strxfrm function are
1927 now replaced by fully functional code contributed by Ulrich Drepper. The
1928 collation information comes from the POSIX locale definitions.
1930 * The new header <langinfo.h> defines an interface for accessing
1931 various locale-dependent data (using the locale chosen with `setlocale').
1933 * Ulrich Drepper has contributed a new suite of functions for operation on
1934 wide-character and multibyte-character strings, in <wchar.h>;
1935 and classification and case conversion of wide characters, in <wctype.h>.
1936 These new functions are conforming to the ISO C, Amendement 1 specification.
1938 * There is now a second implementation of the standard I/O library available.
1939 It comes from GNU libg++ as was written by Per Bothner, heavily modified
1940 by Hongjiu Lu and made thread safe by Ulrich Drepper.
1942 * You can now use positional parameter specifications in format strings
1943 for the `printf' and `scanf' families of functions. For example,
1944 `printf ("Number %2$d, Mr %1$s\n", "Jones", 6);'' prints
1945 ``Number 6, Mr Jones''. This is mainly useful when providing different
1946 format strings for different languages, whose grammars may dictate
1947 different orderings of the values being printed. To support this
1948 feature, the interface for `register_printf_handler' has changed; see
1949 the header file <printf.h> for details.
1951 * The `printf' and `scanf' families of functions now understand a new
1952 formatting flag for numeric conversions: the ' flag (e.g. %'d or %'f) says
1953 to group numbers as indicated by the locale; for `scanf' and friends, this
1954 says to accept as valid only a number with all the proper grouping
1955 separators in the right places. In the default "C" locale, numbers are
1956 not grouped; but locales for specific countries will define the usual
1957 conventions (i.e. separate thousands with `,' in the US locale).
1959 * The pgrp functions have been regularized, slightly incompatibly but much
1960 less confusingly. The core functions are now `getpgid' and `setpgid',
1961 which take arguments for the PID to operate on; the POSIX.1 `getpgrp' (no
1962 argument) and BSD `setpgrp' (identical to `setpgid') functions are
1963 provided for compatibility. There is no longer an incompatible `getpgrp'
1964 with an argument declared under _BSD_SOURCE; no BSD code uses it.
1966 * The new header file <fts.h> and suite of functions simplify programs that
1967 operate on directory trees. This code comes from 4.4 BSD.
1969 * The resolver code has been updated from the BIND 4.9.5-P1 release.
1970 Parts of the code were heavily modified by Ulrich Drepper to fit in the
1971 NSS scheme used in glibc.
1973 * There is a new malloc debugging hook `__memalign_hook'.
1975 * There are new typedefs `ushort' for `unsigned short int' and `uint' for
1976 `unsigned int' in <sys/types.h>. These are for compatibility only and
1977 their use is discouraged.
1979 * The `-lmcheck' library to enable standard malloc debugging hooks is now
1980 done differently, so that it works even without GNU ld.
1982 * New function `euidaccess' checks allowed access to a file like `access',
1983 but using the effective IDs instead of the real IDs.
1985 * The time zone data files have been updated for the latest and greatest
1986 local time conventions of the countries of the world.
1988 * The new function `dirfd' extracts the file descriptor used by a DIR stream;
1991 * The new functions `ecvt', `fcvt', and `gcvt' provide an obsolete interface
1992 for formatting floating-point numbers. They are provided only for
1993 compatibility; new programs should use `sprintf' instead. There are
1994 also equivalent function for the `long double' floating-point type and
1995 all functions also exist in a reentrant form.
1997 * The new auxiliary library `-lutil' from 4.4 BSD contains various
1998 functions for maintaining the login-record files (primarily of use to
1999 system programs such as `login'), and convenient functions for
2000 allocating and initializing a pseudo-terminal (pty) device.
2002 * Ulrich Drepper has contributed new support for System V style
2003 shared memory and IPC on systems that support it.
2005 * Ulrich Drepper has contributed several miscellaneous new functions found
2006 in System V: The `hsearch' family of functions provide an effective
2007 implementation of hash tables; `a64l' and `l64a' provide a very simple
2008 binary to ASCII mapping; `drand48' and friends provide a 48-bit random
2011 * Ulrich Drepper has contributed new reentrant counterparts for the
2012 `random' and `hsearch' families of functions; `random_r', `hsearch_r', etc.
2014 * Ulrich Drepper has contributed new, highly-optimized versions of several
2015 string functions for the i486/Pentium family of processors.
2017 * Ulrich Drepper has updated the Linux-specific code, based largely
2018 on work done in Hongjiu Lu's version of GNU libc for Linux.
2019 The GNU library now supports Linux versions 2.0.10 and later,
2020 using the ELF object file format (i[3456]86-*-linux).
2022 * Andreas Schwab has ported the C library to Linux/m68k (m68k-*-linux).
2024 * David Mosberger-Tang and Richard Henderson have ported the C library
2025 to Linux/Alpha (alpha-*-linux). Richard Henderson contributed the
2026 dynamic linking support for ELF/Alpha.
2028 * Richard Henderson contributed several Alpha optimized assembler function
2029 for arithmetic and string handling.
2031 * Ulrich Drepper has contributed a new set of message catalog functions to
2032 support multiple languages using the <libintl.h> interface, for use with
2033 his new package GNU gettext. Translation volunteers have contributed
2034 catalogs of the library's messages in Spanish, German, and Korean.
2036 * For compatibility with XPG4, Ulrich Drepper has contributed the `gencat'
2037 program and the `catgets' function for reading the catalog files it
2038 creates. (The <libintl.h> interface is preferred; we include the
2039 <nl_types.h> interface using `catgets' only for source compatibility with
2040 programs already written to use it.)
2042 * New header file <values.h> gives SVID-compatible names for <limits.h>
2045 * Various new macros, declarations, and small header files for compatibility
2048 * New function `group_member' is a convenient way to check if a process has
2049 a given effective group ID.
2051 * When using GCC 2.7 and later, the socket functions are now declared in a
2052 special way so that passing an argument of type `struct sockaddr_in *',
2053 `struct sockaddr_ns *', or `struct sockaddr_un *' instead of the generic
2054 `struct sockaddr *' type, does not generate a type-clash warning.
2056 * New function `error' declared in header file <error.h> is a convenient
2057 function for printing error messages and optionally exiting; this is the
2058 canonical function used in GNU programs. The new functions `err', `warn',
2059 and friends in header file <err.h> are the canonical 4.4 BSD interface for
2060 doing the same thing.
2062 * The <glob.h> interface has several new flags from 4.4 BSD that extend the
2063 POSIX.2 `glob' function to do ~ and {...} expansion.
2065 * New function `unsetenv' complements `setenv' for compatibility with 4.4 BSD.
2066 `clearenv' which is used in POSIX.9 is also available.
2068 * New function `getsid' returns session ID number on systems that support it.
2070 * We have incorporated the 4.4 BSD `db' library (version 1.85). New header
2071 files <db.h> and <mpool.h> provide a rich set of functions for several
2072 types of simple databases stored in memory and in files, and <ndbm.h> is
2073 an old `ndbm'-compatible interface using the `db' functions. Link with
2074 `-ldb' to get these functions.
2076 * New macro `strdupa' copies a string like `strdup', but uses local stack
2077 space from `alloca' instead of dynamic heap space from `malloc'.
2079 * New function `strnlen' is like `strlen' but searches only a given maximum
2080 number of characters for the null terminator. `stpncpy', `strndup' and
2081 `strndupa' are similar variants for the `stpcpy', `strdup' and `strdupa'
2084 * New function `statfs' in header <sys/statfs.h>.
2086 * The new <argz.h> and <envz.h> interfaces contributed by Miles Bader
2087 provide convenient functions for operating on blocks of null-terminated
2090 * A new suite of functions in <utmp.h> handle all the details of reading
2091 and writing the utmp file.
2093 * An implementation of the NIS/YP(tm) based NSS service was contributed by
2096 * Paul Eggert and Ulrich Drepper modified the `strftime' function to be
2097 completely POSIX compliant and also implemented the extended functionality
2098 to handle alternate digit representation and alternate era date formats.
2100 * Ulrich Drepper provided an implementation of the `strptime' function
2101 defined in XPG4.2 which transforms a string into a `struct tm' value.
2103 * Paul Eggert provided the tzselect shell script as part of the timezone
2104 code. The shell script makes it easy to select the correct timezone
2107 * The implementation of the malloc family of functions is completely replaced
2108 by a new implementation by Doug Lea with many improvements by Wolfram Gloger.
2109 The implementation uses the mmap function (if available) and it is
2110 optimized for the use in multi threaded programs.
2112 * Ulrich Drepper contributed a MD5 "encryption" for the crypt family of
2113 functions. This new functionality is usable by specifying a special
2114 salt string and it is compatible with implementation on *BSD systems.
2116 * Lots of functions from the XPG4.2 standard were added by Ulrich Drepper:
2117 `getsubopt' to handle second level command line options, `bsd_signal'
2118 to access BSD style `signal' functionality, the obsolete `regexp' style
2121 * the `lchown' function is available on system which support this
2124 * The implementation of the shadow password handling function was contributed
2127 * David Mosberger-Tang changed the SunRPC implementation to be 64bit safe.
2129 * POSIX.1g support was added. The <sys/select.h> header is available,
2130 `isfdtype' and `pselect' are implemented. Craig Metz contributed an
2131 implementation of `getaddrinfo'.
2135 * For cross-compilation you should now set `BUILD_CC' instead of `HOST_CC'.
2137 * New header file <fstab.h> and new functions `getfsspec', `getfsent' and
2138 friends, for parsing /etc/fstab. This code comes from 4.4 BSD.
2140 * The new function `daemon' from 4.4 BSD is useful for server programs that
2141 want to put themselves in the background.
2143 * Joel Sherrill has contributed support for several standalone boards that
2144 run without an operating system.
2146 * `printf', `scanf' and friends now accept a `q' type modifier for long
2147 long int as well as `ll'. Formats using these might be `%qu' or `%lld'.
2149 * All of the code taken from BSD (notably most of the math and networking
2150 routines) has been updated from the BSD 4.4-Lite release.
2152 * The resolver code has been updated from the BIND-4.9.3-BETA9 release.
2154 * The new functions `getdomainname' and `setdomainname' fetch or change the
2155 YP/NIS domain name. These are system calls which exist on systems which
2158 * The time zone data files have been updated for the latest international
2161 * The SunRPC programs `portmap' and `rpcinfo' are now installed in
2162 $(sbindir) (usually /usr/local/sbin) instead of $(bindir).
2166 * The C library now includes support for Sun RPC, from Sun's free
2167 RPCSRC-4.0 distribution. The `portmap', `rpcinfo', and `rpcgen' programs
2168 are included. (There is still no support for YP.)
2170 * Tom Quinn has contributed a port of the C library to SGI machines running
2171 Irix 4 (mips-sgi-irix4).
2173 * The new `lockf' function is a simplified interface to the locking
2174 facilities of `fcntl', included for compatibility.
2176 * New time functions `timegm', `timelocal', and `dysize' for compatibility.
2178 * New header file <sys/timeb.h> and new function `ftime' for compatibility.
2180 * New header files <poll.h> and <sys/poll.h> and new function `poll' for
2183 * The error message printed by `assert' for a failed assertion now includes
2184 the name of the program (if using GNU ld) and the name of the calling
2185 function (with versions of GCC that support this).
2187 * The `psignal' function is now declared in <signal.h>, not <stdio.h>.
2189 * The library now includes the <sys/mman.h> header file and memory
2190 management functions `mmap', `munmap', `mprotect', `msync', and
2191 `madvise', on systems that support those facilities.
2193 * The interface for `mcheck' has changed slightly: the function called to
2194 abort the program when an allocation inconsistency is detected now takes
2195 an argument that indicates the type of failure. The new function
2196 `mprobe' lets you request a consistency check for a particular block at
2197 any time (checks are normally done only when you call `free' or `realloc'
2200 * It is now possible to easily cross-compile the C library, building on one
2201 system a library to run on another machine and/or operating system. All
2202 you need to do is set the variable `HOST_CC' in `configparms' to the
2203 native compiler for programs to run on the machine you are building on (a
2204 few generator programs are used on Unix systems); set `CC' to the
2207 * The new function `fexecve' (only implemented on the GNU system) executes
2208 a program file given a file descriptor already open on the file.
2212 * Brendan Kehoe has contributed most of a port to the DEC Alpha
2213 running OSF/1 (alpha-dec-osf1). He says it is 75% complete.
2215 * You can set the variable `libprefix' in `configparms' to specify a prefix
2216 to be prepended to installed library files; this makes it easy to install
2217 the GNU C library to be linked as `-lgnuc' or whatever.
2219 * The new `stpncpy' is a cross between `stpcpy' and `strncpy': It
2220 copies a limited number of characters from a string, and returns the
2221 address of the last character written.
2223 * You no longer need to check for whether the installed `stddef.h' is
2224 compatible with the GNU C library. configure now checks for you.
2226 * You can now define a per-stream `fileno' function to convert the
2227 stream's cookie into an integral file descriptor.
2229 * ``malloc (0)'' no longer returns a null pointer. Instead, it
2230 allocates zero bytes of storage, and returns a unique pointer which
2231 you can pass to `realloc' or `free'. The behavior is undefined if
2232 you dereference this pointer.
2234 * The C library now runs on Sony NEWS m68k machines running either
2235 NewsOS 3 or NewsOS 4.
2237 * The new `syscall' function is a system-dependent primitive function
2238 for invoking system calls. It has the canonical behavior on Unix
2239 systems, including unreliable return values for some calls (such as
2240 `pipe', `fork' and `getppid').
2242 * The error code `EWOULDBLOCK' is now obsolete; it is always defined
2243 to `EAGAIN', which is the preferred name. On systems whose kernels
2244 use two distinct codes, the C library now translates EWOULDBLOCK to
2245 EAGAIN in every system call function.
2249 * The GNU C Library Reference Manual is now distributed with the library.
2250 `make dvi' will produce a DVI file of the printed manual.
2251 `make info' will produce Info files that you can read on line using C-h i
2252 in Emacs or the `info' program.
2253 Please send comments on the manual to bug-glibc-manual@gnu.org.
2255 * The library now supports SVR4 on i386s (i386-unknown-sysv4).
2257 * Brendan Kehoe has contributed a port to Sun SPARCs running Solaris 2.
2259 * Jason Merrill has contributed a port to the Sequent Symmetry running
2260 Dynix version 3 (i386-sequent-dynix).
2262 * The library has been ported to i386s running SCO 3.2.4 (also known as SCO
2263 ODT 2.0; i386-unknown-sco3.2.4) or SCO 3.2 (i386-unknown-sco3.2).
2265 * New function `memory_warnings' lets you arrange to get warnings when
2266 malloc is running out of memory to allocate, like Emacs gives you.
2268 * The C library now contains the relocating allocator used in Emacs 19 for
2269 its editing buffers. This allocator (ralloc) minimizes allocation
2270 overhead and fragmentation by moving allocated regions around whenever it
2271 needs to. You always refer to a ralloc'd region with a "handle" (a
2272 pointer to a pointer--an object of type `void **').
2274 * There is a new `printf' format: `%m' gives you the string corresponding
2275 to the error code in `errno'.
2277 * In `scanf' formats, you can now use `%as' or `%a[' to do the normal `%s'
2278 or `%[' conversion, but instead of filling in a fixed-sized buffer you
2279 pass, the `a' modifier says to fill in a `char **' you pass with a
2282 * The `fnmatch' function supports the new flag bits `FNM_LEADING_DIR' and
2283 `FNM_CASEFOLD'. `FNM_LEADING_DIR' lets a pattern like `foo*' match a
2284 name like `foo/bar'. `FNM_CASEFOLD' says to ignore case in matching.
2286 * `mkstemp' is a traditional Unix function to atomically create and open a
2287 uniquely-named temporary file.
2291 * The standard location for the file that says what the local timezone is
2292 has changed again. It is now `/usr/local/etc/localtime' (or more
2293 precisely, `${prefix}/etc/localtime') rather than `/etc/localtime'.
2295 * The distribution no longer contains any files with names longer than 14
2298 * `struct ttyent' has two new flag bits: TTY_TRUSTED and TTY_CONSOLE.
2299 These are set by the new `trusted' and `console' keywords in `/etc/ttys'.
2301 * New functions `ttyslot' and `syslog' from 4.4 BSD.
2305 * The configuration process has changed quite a bit. The `configure'
2306 script is now used just like the configuration scripts for other GNU
2307 packages. The `sysdeps' directory hierarchy is much rearranged.
2308 The file `INSTALL' explains the new scheme in detail.
2310 * The header files no longer need to be processed into ANSI C and
2311 traditional C versions. There is just one set of files to install, and
2312 it will work with ANSI or old C compilers (including `gcc -traditional').
2314 * Brendan Kehoe and Ian Lance Taylor have ported the library to the
2315 MIPS DECStation running Ultrix 4.
2317 * The Sun 4 startup code (crt0) can now properly load SunOS 4 shared libraries.
2318 Tom Quinn contributed the initial code. The GNU C library can NOT yet be
2319 made itself into a shared library.
2321 * Yet further improved support for the i386, running 4.3 BSD-like systems
2322 (such as Mach 3 with the Unix single-server), or System V.
2324 * New function `strncasecmp' to do case-insensitive string comparison
2325 with limited length.
2327 * New function `strsep' is a reentrant alternative to `strtok'.
2329 * New functions `scandir' and `alphasort' for searching directories.
2331 * New function `setenv' is a better interface to `putenv'.
2333 * Ian Lance Taylor has contributed an implementation of the SVID `ftw'
2334 function for traversing a directory tree.
2336 * The GNU obstack package is now also part of the C library.
2337 The new function `open_obstack_stream' creates a stdio stream that
2338 writes onto an obstack; `obstack_printf' and `obstack_vprintf' do
2339 formatted output directly to an obstack.
2341 * Miscellaneous new functions: reboot, nice, sigaltstack (4.4 BSD only),
2342 cfmakeraw, getusershell, getpass, swab, getttyent, seteuid, setegid.
2344 * `FNM_FILE_NAME' is another name for `FNM_PATHNAME', used with `fnmatch'.
2346 * The new functions `strfry' and `memfrob' do mysterious and wonderful
2347 things to your strings.
2349 * There are some new test programs: test-fseek, testmb, and testrand.
2351 * Some work has been done to begin porting the library to 4.4 BSD and Linux.
2352 These ports are not finished, but are a good starting place for really
2353 supporting those systems.
2355 * `/etc/localtime' is now the standard location for the file that says what
2356 the local timezone is, rather than `/usr/local/lib/zoneinfo/localtime'.
2357 This follows the general principle that `/etc' is the place for all local
2358 configuration files.
2360 * The C library header files now use `extern "C"' when used by the C++
2361 compiler, so the C library should now work with C++ code.
2363 * The header file <bstring.h> is gone. <string.h> now declares bcopy,
2364 bcmp, bzero, and ffs. (Update: nowadays these functions are declared
2367 * Mike Haertel (of GNU e?grep and malloc fame) has written a new sorting
2368 function which uses the `merge sort' algorithm, and is said to be
2369 significantly faster than the old GNU `qsort' function. Merge sort is
2370 now the standard `qsort' function. The new algorithm can require a lot
2371 of temporary storage; so, the old sorting function is called when the
2372 required storage is not available.
2374 * The C library now includes Michael Glad's Ultra Fast Crypt, which
2375 provides the Unix `crypt' function, plus some other entry points.
2377 * The code and header files taken from 4.4 BSD have been updated with the
2378 latest files released from Berkeley.
2380 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
2381 Copyright information:
2383 Copyright (C) 1992-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
2385 Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies
2386 of this document as received, in any medium, provided that the
2387 copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved,
2388 thus giving the recipient permission to redistribute in turn.
2390 Permission is granted to distribute modified versions
2391 of this document, or of portions of it,
2392 under the above conditions, provided also that they
2393 carry prominent notices stating who last changed them.
2396 version-control: never
git.samba.org / jlayton / glibc.git / blob